Acemoglu ch21 — RICH 프리뷰: 정체와 빈곤덫

Acemoglu (2009) Ch.21 — 60식
본 프리뷰의 위상 — 비균형 성장의 다양한 mechanism. (21.1-21.5) Galor-Zeira 1993 credit market poverty trap (W*=ξ/(1-(q/Q)^β/(1+β))). (21.6-21.23) Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory Becker quality-quantity → Malthus → take-off. (21.24-21.32) Harris-Todaro 1970 migration + Roy 모형. (21.33-21.42) Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants vs incumbents stagnation switching. (21.43-21.51) tech lock-in. (21.52-21.60) Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth bistable dynamics.
목차 · Contents (60식, 5 sections)
§21.1Galor-Zeira poverty trap
Galor-Zeira Poverty Trap5 eq
(21.1) ★ ★ GZ utility (log) ★ GZ Utility (Log) DRAFT vc-passed
$$\mathbb{E}_t U_t(c(t), c(t+1)) = \log c(t) + \beta\, \mathbb{E}_t \log c(t+1)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Galor-Zeira log utility OLG.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Galor-Zeira log utility OLG.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & Joseph Zeira (1993)Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (RES)DRAFT — credit market poverty trap.
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice and the Process of Development (JPE)DRAFT — wealth & occupational dynamics.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ Galor-Zeira log utility OLG.
(21.2) GZ initial wealth GZ Initial Wealth DRAFT vc-passed
$$W_i(0) = w(0)\, l_i,\ w(t) = (1-\alpha)\, K(t)^{\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ initial wealth distribution.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ initial wealth distribution.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & Joseph Zeira (1993)Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (RES)DRAFT — credit market poverty trap.
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice and the Process of Development (JPE)DRAFT — wealth & occupational dynamics.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ initial wealth distribution.
(21.3) ★ ★ ★ Threshold W* ★ ★ Threshold W* DRAFT vc-passed
$$W^* \equiv \frac{\xi}{1 - (q/Q)^{\beta/(1+\beta)}} > 0$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ GZ poverty trap threshold.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ GZ poverty trap threshold.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & Joseph Zeira (1993)Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (RES)DRAFT — credit market poverty trap.
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice and the Process of Development (JPE)DRAFT — wealth & occupational dynamics.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ ★ GZ poverty trap threshold.
(21.4) ★ Fraction below g_F Fraction Below g_F DRAFT vc-passed
$$g_F(t) \equiv 1 - G(W^*/w(t)) = 1 - G(W^*/[(1-\alpha)\, K(t)^{\alpha}])$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ G distribution function.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ G distribution function.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & Joseph Zeira (1993)Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (RES)DRAFT — credit market poverty trap.
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice and the Process of Development (JPE)DRAFT — wealth & occupational dynamics.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ G distribution function.
(21.5) ★ ★ K(t+1) dynamics K(t+1) Dynamics DRAFT vc-passed
$$K(t+1) = \frac{\beta}{1+\beta}\, [q\, \int_{\chi(t)} l\, dG(l) + Q\, \int^{\chi(t)} l\, dG(l)]$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ K 동학 with safe q & risky Q.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ K 동학 with safe q & risky Q.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & Joseph Zeira (1993)Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (RES)DRAFT — credit market poverty trap.
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice and the Process of Development (JPE)DRAFT — wealth & occupational dynamics.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ K 동학 with safe q & risky Q.
§21.2Galor-Weil unified theory + Becker
Galor-Weil Unified Theory + Becker18 eq
(21.6) ★ ★ ★ GW Becker quality-quantity ★ ★ GW Becker Q-Q DRAFT vc-passed
$$c(t)^{\beta}\, [y(t+1)\, n(t+1) - \frac{1}{2}\, \eta_0\, n(t+1)^2]$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ Galor-Weil + Becker quality-quantity utility.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ Galor-Weil + Becker quality-quantity utility.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ Galor-Weil + Becker quality-quantity utility.
(21.7) GW Y GW Y DRAFT vc-passed
$$Y(t) = Z^{\alpha}\, L(t)^{1-\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — Malthusian Y (Z 자원 고정).
3세 비유
DRAFT — Malthusian Y (Z 자원 고정).
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — Malthusian Y (Z 자원 고정).
(21.8) L dynamics L Dynamics DRAFT vc-passed
$$L(t+1) = n(t+1)\, L(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — L 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — L 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — L 동학.
(21.9) Wage = (1-α) L^(-α) Wage = (1-α) L^(-α) DRAFT vc-passed
$$w(t+1) = (1-\alpha)\, L(t+1)^{-\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian wage.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian wage.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian wage.
(21.10) ★ ★ Fertility n Fertility n DRAFT vc-passed
$$n(t+1) = \frac{(1-\alpha)\, \eta_0^{-1}\, L(t+1)^{-\alpha}}{1+\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ Malthusian fertility.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ Malthusian fertility.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ Malthusian fertility.
(21.11) ★ Steady-state L* Steady-state L* DRAFT vc-passed
$$L^* \equiv (1-\alpha)^{1/\alpha}\, \eta_0^{-1/\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian steady state.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian steady state.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ Malthusian steady state.
(21.12) ★ M-sector Y_M M-Sector Y_M DRAFT vc-passed
$$Y_M(t) = X(t)\, S(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ skilled M sector.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ skilled M sector.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ skilled M sector.
(21.13) ★ ★ Q-Q with education ★ Q-Q with Education DRAFT vc-passed
$$c(t)^{\beta}\, [y(t+1)\, n(t+1) - \frac{1}{2}\, \eta_0\, (1-e(t)) + \eta_1\, X(t+1)\, e(t)]$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ education trade-off.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ education trade-off.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ education trade-off.
(21.14) ★ ★ X dynamics X Dynamics DRAFT vc-passed
$$X(t+1) - X(t) = \kappa\, S(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ skill-augmented productivity (UGT 핵심).
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ skill-augmented productivity (UGT 핵심).
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ skill-augmented productivity (UGT 핵심).
(21.15) Unskilled wage Unskilled Wage DRAFT vc-passed
$$w_U(t) = (1-\alpha)\, U(t)^{-\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — unskilled wage.
3세 비유
DRAFT — unskilled wage.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — unskilled wage.
(21.16) Skilled wage Skilled Wage DRAFT vc-passed
$$w_S(t) = X(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ skilled wage.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ skilled wage.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ skilled wage.
(21.17) Unskilled fertility Unskilled Fertility DRAFT vc-passed
$$n_U(t+1) = w_U(t+1)\, \eta_0^{-1} = (1-\alpha)\, \eta_0^{-1}\, U(t+1)^{-\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ unskilled fertility.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ unskilled fertility.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ unskilled fertility.
(21.18) Skilled fertility Skilled Fertility DRAFT vc-passed
$$n_S(t+1) = \eta_1^{-1}\, w_S(t+1)\, X(t+1)^{-1} = \eta_1^{-1}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ skilled fertility = constant.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ skilled fertility = constant.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ ★ skilled fertility = constant.
(21.19) ★ Value functions V_U, V_S V_U, V_S DRAFT vc-passed
$$V_U(t) = \frac{1}{2}\, (1-\alpha)^2\, \eta_0^{-1}\, U(t+1)^{-2\alpha},\ V_S(t) = \frac{1}{2}\, X(t+1)\, \eta_1^{-1}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ value functions.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ value functions.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ value functions.
(21.20) ★ ★ Pre-take-off condition Pre-Take-off Condition DRAFT vc-passed
$$\eta_1^{-1}\, X(0) < (1-\alpha)^2\, \eta_0^{-1}\, (L^*)^{-2\alpha}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ X(0) 너무 작아 unskilled dominant.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ X(0) 너무 작아 unskilled dominant.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ X(0) 너무 작아 unskilled dominant.
(21.21) U dynamics U Dynamics DRAFT vc-passed
$$U(t+1) = (1-\alpha)^{2/(1+\alpha)}\, \eta_0^{-1/(1+\alpha)}\, \cdots$$
Intuition
DRAFT — U 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — U 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — U 동학.
(21.22) S dynamics S Dynamics DRAFT vc-passed
$$S(t+1) = (1 - u(t+1))\, n_S(t+1)\, L(t) = \eta_1^{-1}\, (1 - u(t+1))\, L(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — S dynamics.
3세 비유
DRAFT — S dynamics.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — S dynamics.
(21.23) ★ ★ ★ X dynamics (post-takeoff) ★ ★ X Dynamics (Post-Takeoff) DRAFT vc-passed
$$X(t+1) = (1-\alpha)^{2/(1+\alpha)}\, \eta_0^{-(1-\alpha)/(1+\alpha)}\, \eta_1\, u(t+1)\, \cdots$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ Galor-Weil 의 take-off.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ Galor-Weil 의 take-off.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Oded Galor & David Weil (2000)Population, Technology, and Growth (AER)DRAFT — unified growth theory of demography.
Galor (2011)Unified Growth TheoryDRAFT — UGT 통합 정리.
Becker (1960)An Economic Analysis of FertilityDRAFT — quality-quantity tradeoff.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ ★ Galor-Weil 의 take-off.
§21.3Migration + Roy occupational sorting
Migration + Roy Occupational Sorting9 eq
(21.24) ★ K dynamics + migration K Dynamics + Migration DRAFT vc-passed
$$\dot K(t) = s\, F(K(t), L_U(t)) - \delta\, K(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Harris-Todaro K 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Harris-Todaro K 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ Harris-Todaro K 동학.
(21.25) Wage = MP_L Wage = MP_L DRAFT vc-passed
$$w_U(t) = \frac{\partial F(K(t), L_U(t))}{\partial L_U}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — wage = MP_L.
3세 비유
DRAFT — wage = MP_L.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — wage = MP_L.
(21.26) ★ ★ Migration ODE Migration ODE DRAFT vc-passed
$$\dot L_R(t) = \begin{cases} -\mu\, L_R(t) & \text{if } w_U > w_R \\ \in [-\mu\, L_R, 0] & \text{if } w_U = w_R \\ 0 & \text{else} \end{cases}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Harris-Todaro migration dynamics.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Harris-Todaro migration dynamics.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ Harris-Todaro migration dynamics.
(21.27) ★ k(t) ODE (per capita) k(t) ODE DRAFT vc-passed
$$\dot k(t) = s\, f(k(t)) - (\delta + \mu)\, k(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ migration-effective k 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ migration-effective k 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ migration-effective k 동학.
(21.28) k condition no migration k Condition No Migration DRAFT vc-passed
$$k(t) f'(k(t)) \leq B_A:\quad \dot k(t) = s\, f(k(t)) - \delta\, k(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ no migration regime.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ no migration regime.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ no migration regime.
(21.29) ★ ★ Threshold k-bar ★ Threshold k-bar DRAFT vc-passed
$$f(\bar k) - \bar k\, f'(\bar k) = B_A$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ migration threshold.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ migration threshold.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ migration threshold.
(21.30) Stable hat-k Stable hat-k DRAFT vc-passed
$$\frac{s\, f(\hat k)}{\hat k} = \delta$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ stable steady state.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ stable steady state.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ stable steady state.
(21.31) ★ ★ Roy max problem ★ Roy Max Problem DRAFT vc-passed
$$\max_{[L(h)]} \int_0^{\bar h} A_h\, L(h)\, dh$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Roy 모형 최적 노동 배분.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Roy 모형 최적 노동 배분.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ Roy 모형 최적 노동 배분.
(21.32) ★ ★ Roy constraints + ability ★ Roy Constraints + Ability DRAFT vc-passed
$$\int_0^{\bar h} L(h)\, dh = L,\ \int_0^{\bar h} h\, L(h)\, dh = H,\ A_h \leq \lambda_L + h\, \lambda_H$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ Roy 의 자기 선택.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ Roy 의 자기 선택.
Genealogy
인물저작note
John Harris & Michael Todaro (1970)Migration, Unemployment and Development (AER)DRAFT — Harris-Todaro dual economy.
W. Arthur Lewis (1954)Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of LabourDRAFT — Lewis dual economy.
Roy (1951)Some Thoughts on the Distribution of EarningsDRAFT — Roy model occupational sorting.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ Roy 의 자기 선택.
§21.4Acemoglu-Cao stagnation + lock-in
Acemoglu-Cao Stagnation + Lock-in19 eq
(21.33) ★ ★ ★ AC Y ★ ★ AC Y DRAFT vc-passed
$$Y(t) = \int_0^1 A(\nu, t)^{\beta}\, x(\nu, t)^{1-\beta}\, d\nu$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ Acemoglu-Cao 2015 Y.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ Acemoglu-Cao 2015 Y.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ Acemoglu-Cao 2015 Y.
(21.34) Markup price Markup Price DRAFT vc-passed
$$p(\nu, t) = \chi > 1$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ markup χ.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ markup χ.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ markup χ.
(21.35) ★ Profit Profit DRAFT vc-passed
$$\pi(\nu, t) = \delta\, A(\nu, t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ AC 이윤 = δ × A.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ AC 이윤 = δ × A.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ AC 이윤 = δ × A.
(21.36) ★ Aggregate A growth Aggregate A Growth DRAFT vc-passed
$$\bar A(t) = (1+g)\, \bar A(t-1)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ AC 의 BGP A growth.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ AC 의 BGP A growth.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ AC 의 BGP A growth.
(21.37) ★ g definition g Definition DRAFT vc-passed
$$g \equiv \eta + \bar \gamma - 1$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ growth = entrants + incumbents.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ growth = entrants + incumbents.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ growth = entrants + incumbents.
(21.38) ★ ★ A dynamics (entry + incumb) A Dynamics (Entry + Incumb) DRAFT vc-passed
$$A(\nu, t) = \eta\, \bar A(t-1) + \gamma\, A(t-1) + \varepsilon(\nu, t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ AC 의 quality update.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ AC 의 quality update.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ AC 의 quality update.
(21.39) Difference equation a Difference Equation a DRAFT vc-passed
$$a(t) = \frac{1}{1+g}\, [\eta + \gamma\, a(t-1)]$$
Intuition
DRAFT — a 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — a 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — a 동학.
(21.40) ★ ★ Stagnation regime switch ★ Stagnation Regime Switch DRAFT vc-passed
$$a(t) = \begin{cases} \frac{1}{1+g}\, [\bar \eta + \gamma\, a(t-1)] & \text{if } R(t) = 1 \\ \frac{1}{1+g}\, [\eta + \gamma\, a(t-1)] & \text{else} \end{cases}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ AC stagnation switch.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ AC stagnation switch.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ AC stagnation switch.
(21.41) Conditions Conditions DRAFT vc-passed
$$\bar \eta > \eta,\ \gamma < \bar \gamma < 1+g$$
Intuition
DRAFT — wellposed.
3세 비유
DRAFT — wellposed.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — wellposed.
(21.42) ★ ★ a-hat threshold a-hat Threshold DRAFT vc-passed
$$\hat a \equiv \frac{\bar \eta - \eta}{\bar \gamma - \gamma} \in (0, 1)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ stagnation threshold.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ stagnation threshold.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu & Cao (2015)Innovation by Entrants and Incumbents (JET)DRAFT — entrants vs incumbents creative destruction.
Aghion & Howitt (1998)Endogenous Growth TheoryDRAFT — Schumpeterian framework.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ stagnation threshold.
(21.43) Lock-in resource Lock-in Resource DRAFT vc-passed
$$C(1) + I(1) \leq Y(1),\ C(2) \leq Y(2)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ 2-period lock-in budget.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ 2-period lock-in budget.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ 2-period lock-in budget.
(21.44) Two production techs Two Production Techs DRAFT vc-passed
$$y(\nu, 1) = l(\nu, 1),\ y(\nu, 2) = l(\nu, 2)\ \text{(old)},\ \alpha\, l(\nu, 2)\ \text{(new)}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ old vs new tech.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ old vs new tech.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ old vs new tech.
(21.45) Labor constraint Labor Constraint DRAFT vc-passed
$$\int_0^1 l(\nu, t)\, d\nu \leq L$$
Intuition
DRAFT — labor 한계.
3세 비유
DRAFT — labor 한계.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — labor 한계.
(21.46) ★ ★ Discount factor Discount Factor DRAFT vc-passed
$$\hat r = \beta^{-1} - 1$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ standard discount.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ standard discount.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ standard discount.
(21.47) Variety demand Variety Demand DRAFT vc-passed
$$y(\nu, 2) = p(\nu, 2)^{-\varepsilon}\, Y(2)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — Dixit-Stiglitz demand.
3세 비유
DRAFT — Dixit-Stiglitz demand.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — Dixit-Stiglitz demand.
(21.48) ★ ★ Markup condition for new tech ★ Markup Condition for New Tech DRAFT vc-passed
$$\frac{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon - 1}\, \frac{1}{\alpha} > 1$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ new tech adoption 가능 조건.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ new tech adoption 가능 조건.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ new tech adoption 가능 조건.
(21.49) Profit (period 2) Profit (Period 2) DRAFT vc-passed
$$\pi(\nu, 2) = \frac{\alpha - 1}{\alpha}\, w(2)^{1-\varepsilon}\, Y(2)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ period 2 이윤.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ period 2 이윤.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ period 2 이윤.
(21.50) ★ ★ ★ Lock-in profit signs ★ ★ Lock-in Profit Signs DRAFT vc-passed
$$\pi^N < 0,\ \pi^I > 0$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ new < 0, incumbent > 0 — lock-in.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ new < 0, incumbent > 0 — lock-in.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ ★ new < 0, incumbent > 0 — lock-in.
(21.51) ★ Lock-in condition Lock-in Condition DRAFT vc-passed
$$\frac{\beta\, \alpha\, L}{L - F} - \theta\, (\alpha - 1)\, L > F > \beta\, \frac{\alpha - 1}{\alpha}\, L$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ lock-in numeric condition.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ lock-in numeric condition.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21.4)DRAFT — technology lock-in.
David (1985)Clio and the Economics of QWERTY (AER)DRAFT — path dependence + lock-in 정전.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ lock-in numeric condition.
§21.5Banerjee-Newman wealth dynamics
Banerjee-Newman Wealth Dynamics9 eq
(21.52) ★ ★ h(t+1) = e^γ Becker h(t+1) = e^γ Becker DRAFT vc-passed
$$h_i(t+1) = \begin{cases} e_i(t)^{\gamma} & \text{if } e_i(t) \geq 1 \\ \bar h & \text{if } e_i(t) < 1 \end{cases}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Banerjee-Newman education return (with credit constraint).
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Banerjee-Newman education return (with credit co
Genealogy
인물저작note
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice (JPE)DRAFT — wealth distribution + occupational dynamics.
Loury (1981)Intergenerational Transfers (Econometrica)DRAFT — heterogeneous human capital.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ Banerjee-Newman education return (with credit constraint).
(21.53) ★ Education = δ × wage Education = δ × Wage DRAFT vc-passed
$$e_i(t) = \delta\, w_i(t) = \delta\, A\, h_i(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ proportional savings rate.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ proportional savings rate.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice (JPE)DRAFT — wealth distribution + occupational dynamics.
Loury (1981)Intergenerational Transfers (Econometrica)DRAFT — heterogeneous human capital.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ proportional savings rate.
(21.54) ★ ★ ★ Two-regime threshold ★ ★ Two-Regime Threshold DRAFT vc-passed
$$\delta\, A > 1 > \delta\, A\, \bar h$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ BN poverty trap 조건.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ ★ BN poverty trap 조건.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice (JPE)DRAFT — wealth distribution + occupational dynamics.
Loury (1981)Intergenerational Transfers (Econometrica)DRAFT — heterogeneous human capital.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ ★ BN poverty trap 조건.
(21.55) Constant saving rate Constant Saving Rate DRAFT vc-passed
$$\delta\ \text{constant saving rate (capital investment)}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ standard.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ standard.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice (JPE)DRAFT — wealth distribution + occupational dynamics.
Loury (1981)Intergenerational Transfers (Econometrica)DRAFT — heterogeneous human capital.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ standard.
(21.56) ★ ★ ★ x(t+1) bistable ★ ★ x(t+1) Bistable DRAFT vc-passed
$$x(t+1) = \begin{cases} b_u(x) = \delta((1+r)(w_u + x) + w_u) & \text{if } x < f \\ \cdots & \text{else} \end{cases}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ ★ BN bistable wealth dynamics.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ ★ BN bistable wealth dynamics.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Banerjee & Newman (1993)Occupational Choice (JPE)DRAFT — wealth distribution + occupational dynamics.
Loury (1981)Intergenerational Transfers (Econometrica)DRAFT — heterogeneous human capital.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ canonical bridge — ★ ★ BN bistable wealth dynamics.
(21.57) Continuous y Continuous y DRAFT vc-passed
$$y(t) = f(k(t), x(t))$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ 2-input Y.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ 2-input Y.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Daron Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21)DRAFT — stagnation 통합.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ 2-input Y.
(21.58) x ODE x ODE DRAFT vc-passed
$$\dot x(t) = g(k(t), x(t))$$
Intuition
DRAFT — x 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — x 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Daron Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21)DRAFT — stagnation 통합.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — x 동학.
(21.59) k ODE k ODE DRAFT vc-passed
$$\dot k(t) = s\, f(k(t), x(t)) - \delta\, k(t)$$
Intuition
DRAFT — k 동학.
3세 비유
DRAFT — k 동학.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Daron Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21)DRAFT — stagnation 통합.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — k 동학.
(21.60) ★ Closing utility Closing Utility DRAFT vc-passed
$$u = (1-\delta)^{-(1-\delta)}\, \delta^{-\delta}\, c^{1-\delta}\, b^{\delta}$$
Intuition
DRAFT — ★ Cobb-Douglas closing utility.
3세 비유
DRAFT — ★ Cobb-Douglas closing utility.
Genealogy
인물저작note
Daron Acemoglu (2009)Introduction to Modern Economic Growth (Ch.21)DRAFT — stagnation 통합.
Applications
  • Galor-Zeira 1993 poverty trap
  • Galor-Weil 2000 unified theory of demography
  • Harris-Todaro 1970 migration
  • Banerjee-Newman 1993 wealth + occupation
  • Acemoglu-Cao 2015 entrants/incumbents
Civilizational Relevance
DRAFT — ★ Cobb-Douglas closing utility.

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